Gas Scrubber Design Pdf' title='Gas Scrubber Design Pdf' />SEPTEMBER 2015 PRODUCTION PROCESSING FACILITIES TIP OF THE MONTH 1 2015 PetroSkills, LLC. All rights reserved. GasLiquid Separators Sizing Parameter. Download PDF Version. In the December 2014 tip of the month TOTM 1, we discussed troubleshooting of gasliquid separators for removal of liquids from the gas. Proper stack design begins with an understanding of the process exhaust stream volume, corrosiveness, temperature, flammability, local environmental requirements. Mapco offers a complete line of quality built, corrosion resistant horizontal and vertical fume scrubbers. Once through the packed bed and prior to exiting. Design Considerations for Sulphuric Acid Plants Short Course Sulphuric Acid Production Technologies Presented by Douglas Louie CobreCopper 2010 Hamburg, Germany. Gas Liquid Separators Sizing Parameter Campbell Tip of the Month. Download PDF Version. In the December 2. TOTM 1, we discussed troubleshooting of gas liquid separators for removal of liquids from the gas stream leaving the separator. There are two methods for sizing gas liquid separators 1. Droplet settling theory method, 2. Souders Brown approach. SpecialRepoRt Gas ProcessinG DeveloPments Scrubbing using excess Naoh. For very small capacity or infrequent usage, caustic scrubbers may be designed to oper. TECNIUM Worldwide. Tecnium is worldwide available, you cand find us in more than 20 countries Spain, China, France, UK, The Nederlands, South Africa, Portugal. All Wrtsil products for the marine and oil gas markets at a glance. Sulfur Plants Simplify Tail Gas Clean Up, Lower Costs Tougher regulations for emissions reductions require refiners to achieve ever higher sulfur recovery efficiency. Bio-Gas-Scrubber.jpg' alt='Gas Scrubber Design Pdf' title='Gas Scrubber Design Pdf' />Historically the Souders Brown equation has been employed as it can provide reasonable results and is easy to use, but has shortcomings in terms of quantifying separator performance. References 2 4 provide the details on the droplet settling theory methods which can be used to more accurately quantify separator performance. The Souders Brown method is limited in that it is based on the average droplet size, but cannot quantify the amount of liquid droplets exiting the gas gravity section. In this TOTM, we will focus on the application of Souders Brown approach in gas liquid separators and present diagram, simple correlations and tables to estimate the Souders Brown equation constant, KS the so called sizing parameter. We will consider both vertical and horizontal gas liquid separators. Knowing the actual gas flow rate through the vessel, one can use KS parameter to determine the maximum allowable gas velocity through the vessel and determine the required separator diameter. One can also use the appropriate value of KS to size the mist extractor in the vessel. Gas-Scrubber.jpg' alt='Gas Scrubber Design Pdf' title='Gas Scrubber Design Pdf' />The performance of a gas liquid separator is highly dependent on the value of KS therefore, the choice of appropriate  KS values is important. Gas Gravity Separation Section. The gas gravity separation section of a separator has two main functions Reduction of entrained liquid load not removed by the inlet device. T. B. 370. 05, 113 Fire Codes Technical Bulletin 370. Purpose This bulletin provides consulting engineers and facility managers overview of the two. Improvement straightening of the gas velocity profile. Most mist extractors have limitations on the amount of entrained liquid droplets that can be efficiently removed from the gas, thus the importance of the gas gravity section to remove the liquids to an acceptable level upstream of the mist extractor. This is particularly important for separators handling higher liquid loads. For scrubber applications with low liquid loadings,  the KS values will be primarily dependent on the mist extractor type, and the gas gravity separation section becomes less important. For the higher liquid load applications, i. The Souders Brown approach Ks MethodDroplet settling theory. Red Alert 2 Map Hack. The Souders Brown Approach. If we consider a spherical liquid droplet with a diameter of DP in the gas phase two forces as shown in Figure 1 act on it. The drag force, FD, is exerted by flow of gas and gravity force, FG, is exerted by the weight of droplet. The drag force acts to entrain the liquid droplet while the gravity force acts to pull it down and separating it from the gas phase. Figure 1. Schematic of the forces acting on a liquid droplet in the gas phase 5Assuming plug flow with no eddies or disturbances, a single droplet and ignoring the end effect, at equilibrium free fall or terminal velocity, these two forces are equal. As presented in the Appendix, substitution of expressions for the drag and gravity forces in Equation 1, the maximum allowable gas velocity, VGmax, which prevents entrainment of liquid is obtained. Equation 2 is called Souders Brown 6 equation and KS is referred to as the design or sizing parameter. The terms G and L are the gas phase and liquid phase densities, respectively. Once the maximum gas velocity, VGmax, through the vessel is determined by Equation 2, one can calculate the minimum vessel diameter, Dmin by Equation 3. Where FG        Fraction of cross section area available for gas flow FG 1 for vertical separators and is a function of liquid height for horizontal separatorsqa         Gas flow rate at the actual flowing condition. The Design Parameter, KSThe design parameter, KS, in the Souders Brown equation is an empirical parameter and is a key factor for the sizing the gas liquid separators vessel diameter as well as for determination of the mist extractor diameter. Its value depends on several factors including Pressure. Fluid properties note temperature has a large impact on fluid propertiesSeparator geometry. Vessel length and the liquid level for horizontal separatorsSteadiness of flow. Inlet device design and performance. Relative amounts of gas and liquid. Most importantly mist extractor type and design e. There are several sources that one can look up the KS values for different applications. In the following sections, we will discuss three sources. A. API 1. 2 JThe API 1. J 7 recommends ranges of KS values for vertical and horizontal gas liquid separators. These values are presented in Table 1. The equivalent of API 1. J for the North Sea region is NORSOK P 1. Table 1. API 1. 2 J recommended range of KS values for vertical and horizontal separators 7Per API 1. J, the maximum allowable superficial velocity, calculated form the above factors, is for separators normally having a wire mesh mist extractor. This rate should allow all liquid droplets larger than 1. The maximum allowable superficial velocity or other design criteria should be considered for other type mist extractor. Mist extractor manufacturers recommended minimum distances upstream and downstream of the wire mesh between gas inlet and outlet nozzles should be provided for full utilization of the mist extractor. These values assume separators are equipped with standard mesh pad mist extractors 7. B. Campbell Book. The Ks method, Equation 2, is an empirical approach to estimate the maximum allowable gas velocity to achieve a desired droplet separation. For vertical separators with no mist extractor devices, Chap 1. Vol 2 of the Gas Conditioning and Processing book presents KS as a function of pressure and liquid droplet size 5. This dependency of KS on pressure and droplet size is presented in Figure 2 5. Note for each droplet size a range of KS values are given for a specified pressure. For horizontal separators, the sizing depends on in addition to the droplet size, density of gas and liquid phases, and gas velocity separator effective length, Le, and the depth available for gas flow, h. G, i. e. liquid level in the separators. Figure 2. KS as a function of pressure and liquid droplet size for vertical separators with no mist extractor devices 5Sizing of the horizontal separators are more complicated. Stroke Variation Patch on this page. Referring to Figure 3, the effective Le may be defined in terms of separator actual length and diameter like LeL D. Therefore, the Souders Brown parameter for horizontal separators, KSH, can be estimated in by Equation 4 in terms of KSV read from Figure 2 for vertical separator 3. If the calculated value of KSH by Equation 4 is greater than the maximum value of 0. Figure 3. Schematic of a horizontal gas liquid separator 5The horizontal separator sizing is a trial and error procedure. Normally, the LeD and hgD or h. LD are assumed and KSH, Vgmax, D are calculated by Equations 4, 2, and 3, respectively. The effective length and actual lengths are calculated by Equation 5. Where D         Diameter. FL        Fraction of cross section area occupied by liquid function of liquid height in horizontal separatorq. L         Liquid actual volume flow ratet           Residence time per API 1.